THE BURNING OF NEWARK – PIONEER DAYS

By Robert J. Foley

[Welland Tribune, April 1991]

With the British defeat at the battle of the Thames, Sir George Provost ordered the evacuation of all of Upper Canada west of Kingston. Fortunately Major General Vincent, who had resumed command in that theatre of operations, felt a withdrawal to Burlington would suffice.

The Americans were quick to take advantage of the withdrawal from the Peninsula and reoccupied Queenston and Chippawa. Joseph Willcocks and his Canadian Volunteers also wasted no time in exacting a price from the loyalists who had been left behind. Farms were pillaged and buildings burned by those who had once been neighbors and friends. Willcocks arrested prominent loyalists and had them sent to prisons in the States. Among them was 80 year old peter McMicking of Stamford who had been High Constable of Lincoln County, a coroner and a town warden.

Upon hearing of the arrests and raids, Colonel John Murray convinced Vincent that a small force should be moved back into the Peninsula to protect the inhabitants. Subsequently Murray led a force of 378 regulars of the 8^th Regiment and some volunteers including Merritt’s Dragons and established a base at Forty Mile Creek (Grimsby).

Captain William Hamilton Merritt cautiously led his troop east away from their base at Forty Mile Creek. Where were the Americans? The Indians had been in contact with their pickets the previous evening, but now they were nowhere to be found.

A signal from an advance scout brought Merritt forward at the gallop and the tail end of the American column was sighted tramping toward Twenty Mile Creek. Merritt sent his dragoons charging down the road scattering the American infantry and fighting a sharp engagement with some American cavalry who quickly withdrew from the scene. Some of the infantry tried to resist but many quickly surrendered and were marched off as prisoners of war.

With the American Army in retreat Murray pushed his force forward to Twenty Mile Creek and then to Twelve Mile Creek (St. Catharines). The Americans, meanwhile, had pulled back to Fort George. The American commander, Brigadier General George McClure, was in a precarious position. The enlistment of many of his troops was expiring and his force began melting away. Willcock’s raids had further alienated the local population and when one of Murray’s outposts soundly defeated a probing force McClure decided to withdraw to Fort Niagara.

December 10^th dawned cold and blustery with snow drifting in the lee of the well-kept picket fences. Joseph Willcocks had been beside himself when told of the plans to abandon the Peninsula. He had at least wrung the order to burn the town from McClure on the pretext of denying shelter to the advancing British troops. Willcocks was determined to punish his former neighbors for slights, real and imaginary; he had suffered since going over to the Americans. The Canadians Volunteers and American militiamen went door to door giving the inhabitants one hour to get out what they could. At dusk the destruction began.

Willcocks mounted the steps of the Dickson house, fire brand in hand, followed by two of his men. The younger of the two had explained that the woman was ill in bed and couldn’t get up. Willcocks ordered the two to carry her out and lay her in the snow. He had arrested William Dickson and had him sent off as a prisoner to the United States and was determined to destroy whatever property he could. The tow lads wrapped her in blankets as best they could and put her in a snow drift while Willcocks fired the house and its contents. He walked away leaving Mrs. Dickson in the snow to watch her home burn to the ground.

Weeping women and children looked on as their world was turned into a pile of ashes. Their immediate concern was shelter. There were 400 refugees who would die of exposure if cover could not be found quickly.

Captain Merritt reported to Colonel Murray. The glow in the eastern sky could only mean one thing and with Merritt’s dragoon they rode off to investigate.

The troop approached Fort George from the south and cautiously reconnoitred the area. The Americans were pulling out and the only troops remaining were the rear guard, which consisted of some of the Canadian Volunteers. Merritt signaled the charge routing the enemy, killing two and taking a number of prisoners.

The scene that greeted them in the town was beyond belief. Every building except one was a pile of glowing embers and the streets were littered with furniture that some had been able to save before their homes were torched. People were desperately seeking shelter. Some moved toward the fort and Butler’s Barracks, which had been spared for some inexplicable reason, others began the bone-chilling trek to farms in the neighbourhood.

The dawn brought the misery of the town to full bloom. Many a snow drift yielded up the frozen bodies of women and children who could not find their way in the bitter cold darkness of that December night in 1813.

*General McClure was relieved of his command and dismissed from the army for his part in the burning of Newark.