HISTORY OF CANBORO TOWNSHIP

By Walter Melick Jr.

[Welland Tribune, 4 November 1897]

Essay which won the Dunnville Chronicle’s special prize at Canboro fall exhibition

In the year 1784 the township of Canboro was given to Captain John Dochstader by Joseph Brant, or Theyendanegea, a chief of the Indians, with the concurrence of the chiefs of the Six Nations. About the year 1800 Benjamin Canby, a Quaker and a native of Philadelphia, came up from Queenston, where he had been doing business as a tanner, and negotiated with Captain Dochstader for the purchase of 19,500 acres of the Dochstader Tract, as Canboro was then called, for $20,000, for which sum he was to execute the mortgage. The land was sold for the benefit of his (Captain Dochstader’s) two children. The balance of the land, 1,750 acres, he retained, and it is known as the “Dochstader Tract”.

Canby named his estate “Canboro,” and established himself on the Talbot road where it crosses the Oswego creek, and laid out a village, which he named in compliment to himself, Canboro Village. Instead of having the township laid out in lots and concessions, he had it surveyed into blocks of unequal size and irregular shape, and opened roads, now called the Dunnville, Indiana, Smithville and darling roads, all of which converged and centred in Canboro Village. These, with the Moote and River roads, are now the principal ones of the township. There never was a government survey made of the township, but Canby, for convenience, divided it into three concessions , the Oswego creek being the division between the first and second, and a crooked line, along which there is no road allowance, forms the southern limit of the second concession.

Among the first settlers of Canboro were Peter Swick, a native of New Jersey, who settled on the Indiana road, and Peter Melick, who settled on the Talbot road, a short distance east of the village. These pioneers cane to Canboro in 1804. There were no roads by which the township could be reached. They had, therefore, to ascend the Chippewa and Oswego creeks in canoes, and brought all their property also by these conveyances. Matthew Smith came shortly after from the state of New York, and built a mill on the Dunnville road on the farm now owned by George Brooks. The motive power of this mill was horses, and the stones were dressed from common hardheads. This primitive contrivance soon gave place to a waterpower grist and sawmill, which Mr. Smith built at Canboro Village. This mill he traded to Canby for land, and afterwards he built the saw and grist mill on the Dunnville road, known later as Melick’s mill.

In the year 1814 Samuel Birdsall, a native of Delaware and a nephew of Canby’s, settled north of the village. William Fitch, also a relative of Canby’s, came here in 1832and started the first general store and post office in Canboro. Adam Moote, a man of German descent came from the township of Grantham, and settled in the north-east part of the township in 1835, where his descendants still reside. Major Robinson was also an early settler, locating on what is now called the Robinson road, where he built a mill and store near where Attercliffe station stands. He has long since disappeared and his land is now known as the Ebenezer block.

The first church in the township was erected in 1824 near where the town hall is standing in Canboro village. This church was built of hewed logs, and erected by means of a “bee” of the settlers.

There was no organized system of education in the township until after the rebellion of 1837; before this the schools were supported by subscription or a tax of $2 a quarter on each scholar attending. The first of these schools was erected in Canboro Village  about the year 1825, and the second one erected was situated on the Grand River  near where H.N. Misener lives, and was known as the Burnham school house. These were the only school buildings erected for a number of years and they were also used as churches.

About the year 1848_to the Niagara district council, Ezra Smith, who held the office each succeeding year, until 1850, when the first municipal council was elected with Barton Farr as reeve. Amos Bradshaw, Jacob A. Bradshaw, Calvin Kelsey, William Burk, Walter Melick, Samuel Swayze, W.H.M. Birdsall, Jas. L. Ricker and Geo. Brooks have consecutively held the office of reeve, with Jas. E. Ricker elected the previous year.

The population of the township of Canboro is 975, and this assessment for the year 1897 is $385,215. The soil in the northern part of the township is a heavy clay, while along the Grand River it is mostly sand or sandy loam, and in the Moote settlement there is considerable land of black and gravelly nature, very productive and valuable. There are three railways crossing the township, two branches of the Grand Trunk and the main line of the Michigan Central.